AUTOSAR 3.2 based Protocol Data Unit Router Module

AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) is the new standard software architecture for automobiles. The increased usage of Electronic Control Units (ECU) in automobiles is contributing to higher software complexity in vehicles. Here is the significance of AUTOSAR. The AUTOSAR is a new framework used to reduce the ECU complexity in new generation automobiles. Its core frame work consists of four layers; the top layer is the Application layer and the bottom layer is the Microcontroller layer. Run Time Environment and Basic Software Layer are the two layers sandwiched between these two layers. The Basic Software Layer provides an infrastructural functionality to an ECU. The scope of this paper is limited to a module within the Basic Software Layer named Protocol Data Unit (PDU) Router module. PDU Router module must be instantiated in every ECU. The main task of this module is the routing of Interaction Layer Protocol Data Units (I-PDUs) between the communication services and the hardware abstraction layer modules. It also provides the gateway functionality which means the routing of I-PDUs between the same or different networks. This paper focuses the design, development and testing of AUTOSAR 3.2 based PDU Router module. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15038

Cryptographic Key generation using Sclera and Finger Print: Proposed Method

Need for information security and privacy is increasing in recent times. Cryptography is intended to ensure the secrecy and authenticity of the message. The long cryptographic keys are very difficult to remember also protecting its confidentiality is one of the major issues to be deal with. These problems can be solved by integrating Biometrics with cryptography. Since biometric identifiers are unique to individuals, they are more reliable in verifying and identifying than knowledge based methods. Biometrics based authentication systems are progressively acquiring more attention in the field of research. Conventional techniques depend upon biometric features like face, fingerprint, iris, voice etc. In this paper we propose a method for cryptographic key generation fusing Finger print and Sclera

Network Lifetime and Coverage Fraction Analysis for Wireless Sensor Networks

285-291In Wireless Sensor Networks, two crucial parameters are lifetime of the network and optimal coverage for sensed region. This paper addresses the issues and challenges pertaining to these parameters for further investigation, and provides a method to approximate the energy utilization and optimal coverage inside the bottleneck zone for wireless sensor networks. The proposed analytical framework calculates correctly the network lifetime upper bound of wireless sensor networks. The derivation of the network lifetime upper bound is carried out using (i) network coding and (ii) network coding with duty cycle. Based on that, an approximate derivation is made and the corresponding results are obtained from the simulation study. The comparison of the results of the previous study and those obtained in this paper reveals that the actual network lifetime upper bound is lower in the present case. This is due to the assumption made by authors of previous work, on coder nodes’ presence throughout the bottleneck zone instead of only one hop distance away from the sink. In addition, the effect of coverage fraction in case of node failure, on network lifetime upper bound is derived for the previously reported and present model. The simulated results obtained from new derivation show that the coverage fraction is lesser than that obtained by previous model

The Mystic Utopia of Tales: A Study on Mythologies and Fairytales

There is a confusion hidden in the readers of literature that mythology and fairytales are somewhat similar and serve the same literary purpose. Both of them owe much to human imagination in terms of their creation and presentation. Since time immemorial, both the genre has been enriching literature, art and creation. The two genres discus about flowery unreal tales, but are they completely unreal? Both have been made used in the artistic and poetic creations but the hairline but serious differences are less discussed. This paper focuses to discus about the two and their range that has not been discovered or not compared with their universal mate.&nbsp

Surgical outcomes following posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: To describe the intrasurgical events and management strategies following posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification and to analyze the outcomes following surgery. DESIGN: This study is a prospective observational study. METHODS: A total of 91 patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery at Aravind eye hospital, Madurai between June 2012 and January 2013, with intraoperative posterior capsule rupture were included in this study. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative evaluation was done. The patients had a follow up upto 3 months (90 days) after surgery. RESULTS: Intraoperative posterior capsule rupture during phacoemulsification was found to occur most frequently during the step of nuclear emulsification (29.7%) and irrigation-aspiration of cortex (29.7%). Appropriate intrasurgical management ensured that a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) was placed successfully in 96% of eyes. Most of the PCIOLs were placed in the ciliary sulcus (66%). Vitreous loss occurred in 55 patients (60.4%) and all underwent vitrectomy. Most frequent post operative complications included a raised intraocular pressure (11%) followed by macular edema (6.6%). Postoperatively, 33% of patients needed additional surgical /laser procedures and 70.3% of patients needed additional topical or systemic medications to deal with complications. Only one patient had final best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than the baseline BCVA subsequent to macular edema. As much as 96.5 % of patients had vision of 6/12 or better at final post operative follow up. CONCLUSION: With appropriate management, phacoemulsification surgeries complicated by a posterior capsule rupture can have good outcomes

Primary vulvovaginal choriocarcinoma: a case report of unusual presentation and literature review

Only one case of primary extra uterine vaginal choriocarcinoma and one case of primary vulvar choriocarcinoma have been reported in literature. This is a case of 27 year old lady who presented with a 10cm × 7cm× 5cm vulvar mass with pain abdomen since 1 month, to the Gynecologic oncology outpatient. The mass was smooth, hard and fixed to underlying structures. Multiple bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged. Vulvar biopsy with Immunohistochemistry proved it to be choriocarcinoma. CT scan thorax, abdomen and pelvis showed multiple bilateral lung metastases, empty uterine cavity and normal sized uterus with a vaginal mass extending up to introitus encasing urethra and anal canal with multiple enlarged pelvic & inguinal lymph nodes. Final diagnosis of Primary Vulvovaginal choriocarcinoma FIGO stage III and WHO score-12 was made. Multidrug chemotherapy with Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin-D, Folinic Acid, Cyclophosphamide and Vincristine (EMA-CO) was started then shifted to Etoposide, Methotrexate, Actinomycin-D, Folinic Acid and Cisplatin (EMA-EP) regimen followed by Paclitaxel & Carboplatin, because of poor response. Patient’s βHCG became 1.57IU/L with resolution of all lesions after 5 three weekly cycles of Paclitaxel & Carboplatin. Now she is planned for three more cycles of chemotherapy. This case highlights another atypical presentation of choriocarcinoma

Maternal and perinatal outcome in eclampsia and factors affecting the outcome: a study in North Indian population

Background: Worldwide eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Hence the importance of continued efforts in reviewing each women with eclampsia and to analyze factors affecting the outcome. Aims of the study were to evaluate maternal and fetal outcome in patients of eclampsia and factors affecting the outcome.Methods: A retrospective epidemiological study was undertaken in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, VMMC & Safdarjung hospital, New Delhi during the period ‘January to December 2010’. Women who presented as eclampsia or developed eclampsia during hospital stay were included in the study. Data analysed included various maternal parameters and fetal parameters and the outcome of the pregnancy. Pearson Chi-square test was used to see association between two parameters.Results: During the defined period incidence of Eclampsia was 3.2 per 1000 deliveries. Maternal death occurred in 8.4% of patients and still birth in 18.8%. Inadequate & delayed initiation of treatment and preterm deliveries was found to be associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. As the time interval between ‘onset of fit and delivery’ increased, chances of adverse outcome also increased. However, age, parity, onset of seizures before, during or after delivery was not found to have any effect on maternal and fetal outcome.Conclusions: It can be concluded that better antenatal care, early recognition of disease, timely referral, early initiation of treatment and termination of eclamptic patients improves outcome. Management of eclamptic patients should be performed at tertiary care centres, where ICU facilities, NICU facilities and multidisciplinary units are available

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT ON THE ROOTS OF NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS

Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of Nyctanthes arbortristis (Family-Oleaceae).Methods: The hydroalcoholic extract of the root of plant Nyctanthes arbortristis was taken into considerations to determine the phytochemicals present in it. The extracts of the roots were evaluated for antioxidant activity by using different in vitro model like Reducing Power Method and DPPH method.Results: In the current investigation it has been found that the Pet. Ether and Hydroalcoholic extracts showed potent antioxidant activity by reducing power, as the concentration of the extracts increased, the absorbance was also increased correspondingly.Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extracts of this plant showed potent antioxidant activity against the standard drug (Kaempferol)